Genomic stability and telomere regulation in skeletal muscle tissue.

Muscle injuries are common, especially in sports and cumulative trauma disorder, and their repair is influenced by free radical formation, which causes damages in lipids, proteins and DNA. Oxidative DNA damages are repaired by base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair, ensuring telomeric and genomic stability. There are few studies on this topic in skeletal muscle cells. This review focuses on base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair, telomere regulation and how telomeric stabilization influences healthy muscle, injured muscle, exercise, and its relationship with aging. In skeletal muscle, genomic stabilization and telomere regulation seem to play an important role in tissue health, influencing muscle injury repair. Thus, therapies targeting mechanisms of DNA repair and telomeric regulation could be new approaches for improving repair and prevention of skeletal muscle injuries in young and old people.

Effect of time-dependent cryotherapy on redox balance of quadriceps injuries.

Muscle trauma represents a high number of injuries in professional sport and recreation and may occur through several mechanisms. This study aims at analyzing time-dependent effects of cryotherapy on the redox balance in lesioned quadriceps muscles in F1 mice. Twenty male F1 mice were divided into five groups: (a) animals were not subjected to muscle lesioning or treatment (CTR); (b) quadriceps muscle was lesioned without treatment (L); (c) quadriceps muscle was lesioned and treated with cryotherapy for 5 min (LC5); (d) quadriceps muscle was lesioned and treated with cryotherapy for 20 min (LC20); and quadriceps muscle was lesioned and treated with cryotherapy for 40 min (LC40). The mice were euthanized; the quadriceps muscles were collected and subjected to analyses for levels of protein, hydroperoxides, nitrite, catalase (CAT) activity, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Protein levels were reduced in L (-39%; p < 0.05), LC5 (-54%; p < 0.05), LC20 (-40%; p < 0.05) and LC40 (-50%; p < 0.05) compared to CTR. There was an increase in lipid peroxidation in L (158%; p < 0.05), LC5 (300%; p < 0.01), LC20 (292%; p < 0.01) and LC40 (362%; p < 0.01) compared to CTR. We observed a significant increase in CAT activity in L (164%; p < 0.05) and LC5 (193%; p < 0.01) compared to CTR; a significant reduction in GSH in L (-60%; p < 0.05) and LC20 (-61%; p < 0.05) compared to CTR; and a significant increase in GSSG in LC5 (171%; p < 0.05) compared to CTR. In addition, GSH/GSSG was reduced in L (-89%; p < 0.01), LC5 (-95%; p < 0.01), LC20 (-59%; p < 0.05), and LC40 (-82%; p < 0.01) compared to CTR. This study showed that the cryotherapy does not improve the oxidative stress in lesioned muscles.

Acromial morphometric analysis using imaging software / Análisis morfométrico del acromion usando software de imágenes

The aim of this study was to accurately measure acromial morphology in order to describe the anatomical patterns of its subtypes and to conduct a survey of the literature regarding the relationships between morphological subtypes and their related diseases. We photographed scapulae from the Institute of Anatomy, University Severino Sombra, and analyzed the images using Image-J Software®. The average acromial angle was 139.23° ± 2.781, with no significant difference between the right and left sides. There was a positive correlation between the acromial angle and the angle of the spine of the scapula. The correlation mentioned above plays an important role in disorders of the shoulder-particularly impingement syndrome-which reinforces the importance of acromial morphology studies.

El objetivo de este estudio fue medir con precisión la morfología acromial para describir los patrones anatómicos de sus subtipos y llevar a cabo un estudio de la literatura sobre las relaciones entre los subtipos morfológicos y las enfermedades relacionadas. Tomamos fotografías de la escápula del Instituto de Anatomía de la Universidad Sombra Severino, y se analizaron las imágenes con el Software Image-J®. El ángulo acromial medio fue de 139,23 ± 2,781°, no habiendo diferencias significativas entre los lados derecho e izquierdo. De observó una correlación positiva entre el ángulo acromial y el ángulo de la columna vertebral de la escápula. La correlación mencionada anteriormente, juega un papel importante en los trastornos de la inflamación del hombro, especialmente el síndrome, lo cual refuerza la importancia de los estudios de la morfología acromial.

Influência do posicionamento dos membros superiores sobre parâmetros ventilatórios em indivíduos adultos / Influence of the upper limbs' position on ventilatory parameters in adults subjects

INTRODUÇÃO: A ventilação pulmonar depende da integridade da parede torácica. O posicionamento da parede torácica e/ou as disfunções dos músculos ventilatórios diminuem os volumes e as capacidades pulmonares, o fluxo de ar nas vias aéreas e as pressões inspiratória e expiratória máximas. O posicionamento dos membros superiores interfere na dinâmica da caixa torácica. OBJETIVOS: Verificar o efeito do posicionamento dos membros superiores com o ombro a 90º de abdução e rotação externa, associado à flexão de cotovelo a 90º sobre a função ventilatória pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Os indivíduos foram submetidos ao Questionário Respiratório sugerido pela American Thoracic Society - Division of Lung Diseases (ATS-DLD) e à ficha individual de pesquisa, para avaliação clínica da função ventilatória pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Foi observado que o volume minuto e o volume corrente nos indivíduos saudáveis no pós-posicionamento aumentaram quando comparados à situação de pré-posicionamento, de 9,46 ± 1,15 L/min. para 11,89 ± 1,54 L/min. e de 565,8 ± 83,84 ml para 752,4 ± 105,5 ml, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: O posicionamento dos membros pode ser priorizado antes das técnicas reexpansivas pulmonares. Programas de reabilitação pulmonar, de maneira geral, podem incluir o posicionamento correto dos membros superiores, pois isso coloca em vantagem os músculos que atuam sobre a caixa torácica, melhorando o desempenho da ventilação pulmonar.

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary ventilation depends on the integrity of the chest wall. The positioning of the chest wall and/or the disorders of ventilatory muscles decrease the lung volume and capacity, the flow of airway pressure and inspiratory and expiratory pressures. The positioning of the upper limbs interferes with the dynamics of the chest. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of positioning of the arms with the shoulder 90º abduction and external rotation associated with elbow flexion to 90º on the pulmonary ventilatory function. METHODS: The subjects underwent Respiratory Questionnaire suggested by the American Thoracic Society - Division of Lung Diseases (ATS-DLD) and the individual records to search for clinical assessment of ventilatory lung function. RESULTS: We found out that the minute volume and tidal volume in healthy subjects in post-position increased when compared to the situation of pre-positioning from 9.46 ± 1.15 L/min. to 11.89 ± 1.54 L/min. and from 565.8 ± 83.84 ml to 752.4 ± 105.5 mL, respectively. CONCLUSION: The placement of members can be prioritized before lung reexpansion techniques. Pulmonary rehabilitation programs in general may include the correct positioning of the upper limbs, as this represents an advantage to muscles that act on the rib cage, improving the performance of ventilation.